Francis P. Sempa

Francis P. Sempa is the author of Geopolitics: From the Cold War to the 21st Century; America’s Global Role: Essays and Reviews on National Security, Geopolitics, and War; and Somewhere in France, Somewhere in Germany: A Combat Soldier’s Journey through the Second World War. He is a contributor to Population Decline and the Remaking of Great Power Politics and The Conduct of American Foreign Policy Debated. He has also written introductions to four books on U.S. foreign policy.

His articles and book reviews on historical and foreign policy topics have appeared in Orbis, the University Bookman, Joint Force Quarterly, The Diplomat, American Diplomacy, the Asian Review of Books, Strategic Review, National Review, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Human Rights Review, the Claremont Review of Books, the Washington Times, the South China Morning Post, the International Social Science Review, Caixin Online, Real Clear History, and The American Spectator.

He is an Assistant United States Attorney for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, adjunct professor of political science at Wilkes University, and a former contributing editor to American Diplomacy.

[The views reported in Mr. Sempa's reviews are those of the reviewer and not those of the U.S. government.]

Book Reviews by Francis P. Sempa

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Embracing Communist China is a crisply written and compellingly argued book . . .”

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Churchill had laid the groundwork for the courtship of America decades before World War II by forging an American network of friendly and influential elites to promote Bri

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“In his new book Mirrors of Greatness, Reynolds reflects on how Churchill’s contemporaries helped ‘shape’ his greatness.”

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Writers who challenge the conventional wisdom about history and current events are usually interesting and provocative; Richard Sakwa . . . is both.”

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The book is replete with maps, photographs, profiles of commanders and weapons, and illustrations that help explain the brutal combat in a region that another historian ha

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in the end, war will be waged by politicians and generals (and admirals) and the troops they command, and military operations will continue to have political implications.

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“Uniting Against the Reich is Truxal’s first book, and it is based on solid research, sound if debatable judgments, and a refreshing lack of moralistic tone.”

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American Presidents in Diplomacy and War is a tutorial on foreign policy 'realism' as the most effective approach to international politics.”

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The Race for the Atom Bomb is less the story of how the Soviet Union stole the secrets of the Manhattan Project as it is a defense of J.

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Holland writes about Rome with a Gibbonesque flair that both informs and entertains.”

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“Tyrrell’s memoir is both a fascinating insider’s account of the modern American conservative literary and political movement, and an insightful assessment of the evolution of American poli

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“Gray’s most important accomplishment is to show that Jennie Churchill and Sara Roosevelt were far more than just mothers of history-making sons.”

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“. . . an introduction to the private and personal Churchill that often gets lost in the larger works of history and biography.”

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“Jones’ tale of the Beer Hall Putsch is only the culmination of his thoughtful analysis of German politics in the crucial year of 1923.”

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“Robert D. Kaplan is America’s most prolific geopolitical theorist and observer.”

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“There is a general consensus among the contributors to Cold Rivals that the strategic competition between the US and China will continue into the

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Ellman’s book is not history; it is not even revisionist history. It is a lengthy diatribe against one of America’s greatest generals.”

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“Just as Imperial Germany challenged British sea power in the early 20th century, China in the early 21st century has challenged U.S. sea power.”

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Liu, an expert on international political economy at the Council on Foreign Relations, shows how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uses ‘sovereign leverage funds’ to promo

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“Sadler . . . understands the Mahanian dictum that ‘Great nations have great navies, and diminish without them.’

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Wong’s book helps us understand China, the CCP, and Xi as the new Cold War heats up in the western Pacific.”

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The heart of Black’s book is his discussions of strategy in the context of the contests for power among states and empires from the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars .

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Lincoln’s God contends that the Civil War and, more particularly, the struggle over slavery, affected a religious transformation in Lincoln—a per

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What is clear from Weil’s book is that history is not just a result of impersonal forces acting upon human decisions.

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“McManus provides an infantryman’s view of warfare at its dirtiest and bleakest.”

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“As war rages in Eastern Europe and war clouds gather in the western Pacific, The New Makers of Modern Strategy is especially timely and relevant to today’s world.”

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“As war clouds gathered in Europe and the Far East, the British royal family faced internal and external crises. Larman’s new book details how they dealt with them.”

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The genius of Bruce Chadwick’s oral history of the road to Ft.

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“Liberal bias in the elite media has been prevalent for quite a while, but Ungar-Sargon’s book shows that it has gotten much worse.”

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“Leebaert, to his credit, presents an unvarnished look at the policymakers he credits with saving America’s democracy and shaping the post-World War II world.”

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In this page-turner of a book, Epstein recounts the highlights of his eventful investigative reporting . . .”

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Using previously unpublished archival sources from several countries, Howard provides a fresh look at how intelligence affected the diplomacy and geopolitics that preceded

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“Montefiore synthesizes human history by ‘using the stories of families across time’ and ‘connecting great events with individual human drama.’”

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According to military historian Mark Moyar, not only was the communist victory in Vietnam not inevitable, but by 1968 the war had shifted in America’s and South Vietnam’s

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“Fire and Rain pretends to be military and diplomatic history—and there is some of that—but is mostly an anti-Vietnam War, anti-Nixon and Kissinger screed . .

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“Blood, Fire & Gold is a story of palace intrigue, religious conflict, interpersonal and family relationships, and geopolitical rivalry pitting Elizabeth I and

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Dwight Eisenhower was one of America’s most successful presidents, yet it took many years of revisionist history to appreciate his greatness as president.

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Beverly Gage’s nearly 800-page biography of J. Edgar Hoover . . .

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“Silverstone’s The Kennedy Withdrawal . . . does give us greater insight into the motives of Kennedy and his advisers in their efforts to ‘succeed’ in Vietnam.”

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“David McCullough’s Brave Companions is a welcome reminder of how history should be written.”

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“Beevor, who has written acclaimed books about the Second World War, presents a richly detailed account of the momentous four years of Russian history between 1917 and 1921.”

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“Orlando Figes’ new book The Story of Russia could not be more timely or informative.”

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“Chin and Lin show that China today is a dystopian state where the CCP has harnessed the latest surveillance technology—facial recognition software, biometric data collecti

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“Historian James Scott’s new book about the firebombing of Tokyo and other Japanese cities in the spring and summer of 1945 restores LeMay to his rightful place in the pantheon of great Ame

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“Where Mandelbaum breaks new ground is when he discusses and assesses the serial failures of Presidents Clinton through Obama in post-Cold War geopolitics.

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“Jefferson Morley’s new book Scorpions’ Dance uses the relationship between CIA Director Richard Helms and President Richard Nixon as a window through which to take another look at

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“Zhuqing Li’s Daughters of the Flower Fragrant Garden tells the heartrending, beautifully written, remarkable story of two sisters—Li’s aunts, inseparable as young girls—that circu

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“In his 99th year, Henry Kissinger . . . continues to contribute to our understanding of the world.”

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“Brendan Simms and Steven McGregor in their new gripping account of the battle, The Silver Waterfall, show that while luck played a part in the battle’s outcome, victory a

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Brown’s Jackson is a dueler, a ‘slaveholder, architect of Indian removal, and a critic of abolitionism.’”

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“America’s Rise and Fall Among Nations is a stinging critique of America’s foreign policy establishment and its Progressive ‘ruling class’ since 1910, and Codevill

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“Jonathan Clements’ new book Japan at War in the Pacific is a lucid history of the rise and fall of militarism in Japan . . .”

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“Snyder’s book graphically, relentlessly details the horrific murders committed by the Nazi and Soviet regimes in the vast geographic region between Germany and Russia.”

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“Dwight Chapin’s newly published memoir reveals new facts and insights into the very consequential presidency of Richard Nixon . . .”

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“M. Stanton Evans was one of the most influential thinkers and writers who shaped the modern conservative movement in the United States . . .”

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“a careful and splendidly written narrative that separates known facts from long-believed myths and outright falsehoods about events leading up to the battle, the battle itself, and its aft

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“Jeffrey Frank recounts Truman’s policy triumphs—ending the Second World War in the Far East, launching the Truman Doctrine (aid to Greece and Turkey) and the Marshall Plan, presiding over

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“Bhattacharya both begins and concludes this impressive biography of John von Neumann by celebrating his contribution to the ‘march of ideas’ and acknowledging that his ‘legacy is omniprese

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“the founder of state-communism Vladimir Lenin once quipped that the capitalists would sell communists the rope with which the communists would hang the capitalists.

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“Schweizer uses his keen eye for detail to explain the many and varied ways that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has influenced US elites in ways that benefit China both economically, pol

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“Gaudi tells the story of the war and its principal antagonists with verve, erudition, and page-turning detail.”

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“Cost’s book seeks to relate Madison’s constitutional theory of government (he is often called the Father of the U.S.

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“Pomfret’s book focuses on the relationship between the intelligence services of Poland and the United States after the end of the Cold War.

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“. . . a fascinating tale of international intrigue, geopolitics, divided loyalties, and criminal investigations during wartime.”

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Nothing that Wheatcroft writes can erase Churchill’s greatness. At one of the darkest hours of human history, Churchill saved Western Civilization.”

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“These columns, written between 2008 and 2020, are written mostly with the same elegance, persuasiveness, and lucidity that have marked Will’s long career as one of the nation’s most percep

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“Nathaniel Philbrick has a genius for writing about pieces of history and intuiting broad themes and lessons therefrom.”

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“. . . Cervantes describes the exploring, the diplomatic activity, the rivalries, the fighting, and the personalities with delicious granularity.”

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“This . . . is much more than a book about Vikings.

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Thomas Ferenczi has written a concise, primary-sourced, and fact-based history of Nazi Germany’s foreign policy between 1933 and 1939.”

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“Hastings is especially good in Operation Pedestal at describing the excitement, fear, and weariness of the British seamen and airmen as they encountered Axis attacks.”

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“Historian Ambrogio Caiani’s riveting new book To Kidnap a Pope deftly explores the test of wills between the French emperor and Roman Catholic pontiff in the aftermath of the Fren

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“O’Hanlon . . . describes his strategy as ‘asymmetric deterrence,’ using ‘non-lethal tools’ of statecraft.”

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“O’Donnell’s vivid writing reveals the sights, sounds, smells, and feelings of the men who do the actual fighting in wars.”

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“This is a terrific book, a brilliant reexamination of the events leading up to the greatest conflict in human history.”

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“Marie Favereau’s new book The Horde is not the first history to challenge the depiction of the Mongol Empire as governed solely by ruthless conquerors and plunderers, but it is th

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“Riley’s book is both an incisive examination of Sowell’s ideas and a tribute to a man of courage, brilliant intellect, fierce independence, and scholarly integrity.”

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“Plokhy writes that instead of mastery and clear-headedness, President Kennedy and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev ‘marched from one mistake to another’ during the Cuban missile crisis.”

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Churchill & Son is a well-written, extensively researched book that explores the interesting but troubled relationship between a world-famous father and son.”

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“In The Road Less Traveled, Zelikow brilliantly tells the diplomatic story of what he calls ‘the lost peace’ of August 1916–January 1917.”

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“Calhoun: American Heretic presents an unvarnished portrait of one of the nation’s most powerful political figures during the decades leading up to the Civil War.”

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“Volume 1 of Seewald’s revealing biography covers Joseph Ratzinger’s life from his birth during the last years of the Weimar Republic through the rise of Nazism, the Second World War, the d

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“Solzhenitsyn and the American Culture should serve as a reminder to those of us in the West that civilization is fragile, that democracy and liberty are forever u

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“Transforming Our World is an insiders’ account of the foreign policy ‘successes’ and ‘achievements’ of President George H. W.

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Slanted is Attkisson’s most recent effort to expose the biases and corruption in the mainstream media even as she laments ‘the death of the news as we once knew it.’”

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“Paul Betts’ Ruin and Renewal bills itself as interpretative post-World War II history, but it is instead another left-wing assault on Western civilization.”

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Russia has never had a greater, more devoted patriot than Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.”

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“This book is the work of a master historian at the top of his craft.”

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“Fawcett displays an impressive knowledge of the thinkers and doers of . . . conservatism throughout modern history.”

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“Ronald Grigor Suny has written a massive, extensively researched biography of Josef Stalin’s early years—from his childhood days in Gori, Georgia, to the Bolshevik seizure of power in Octo

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“The main warning of Dreher’s insightful and provocative book is that totalitarianism can happen here—in the United States and the West.”

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“new, concise, and highly readable history of the Habsburgs . . .”

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“Humility, dignity, and character—those were Mays’ personal trademarks. He was an exemplary baseball player and is an exemplary citizen.” 

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“[Henry Kissinger] was a great if flawed public servant—above all a patriot, who like Bismarck, traveled the current of history and attempted, however imperfectly, to steer the nation to sa

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“Fletcher tells a familiar tale of cultural genius, global exploration, religious conflict and reform, and geopolitical rivalry.

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“The modern-day ‘300’ are service men and women who defend America from locations in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, the Marshall Islands, Vandenberg Air Force base in California, the Cheyenn

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“Gewen presents a vivid, insightful, but unsparing portrait of Kissinger’s intellectual development and boundless ambition as he journeyed from Nazi Germany, to the U.S.

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“This book proves that the abstract ‘ideal’ of communism has not died for some people despite the empirical evidence of communism in power.

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“This is the story of George Washington’s founding of the city that would bear his name and that grew to be the most important capital city in the world.”

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“Fritzche’s focus in this erudite and interesting book is less on how and why Hitler gained power, and more on the mostly favorable response of the German people to the Third Reich.”

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The Splendid and the Vile is a tale of courage, perseverance, sacrifice, fear, tragedy, human drama, and ultimately inspiration for free peoples everywhere.

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“Preston provides a highly readable, highly detailed account of the historic meetings and often difficult and contentious negotiations between Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin, and their staffs

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“Jonathan Horn in his new book Washington’s End provides a captivating and enlightening look at Washington’s post-presidential life and the politically divided country that was par

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“Christopher Caldwell may be on the receiving end of the slings and arrows of the liberal governmental and cultural elite he scorns in this book.

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“Charlwood’s book is divided into 55 short chapters that describe the conflicts that continued to rage after Versailles; conflicts that the League of Nations proved helpless to

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“Mann’s book is about the professional and personal relationship between Cheney and Powell—how it blossomed during the first Gulf War under Bush 41, strained but survived the 9

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“Dreams of El Dorado is in a sense the culmination of Brands’ love affair with the history of the American West.”

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“Spencer shows that the so-called Middle East ‘peace process,’ often championed by the United States, has been a sham from the beginning because most of the Arab-Muslim world has refused to

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National Review Senior Editor Richard Brookhiser has written a thoughtful and elegant meditation on the American idea of liberty . . .”

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“Though one can ultimately disagree with Simms’ revisionist arguments, he has made an impressive effort to challenge the conventional history of Hitler’s approach to the world and war in th

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“[An] insightful and penetrating study of the history of conservative nationalism in the United States.”

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“[Mann’s] book portrays Reagan as a skilled and sophisticated political thinker and leader.”

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“This is the story of catastrophic misjudgments, wishful thinking, and outright betrayal of Czechoslovakia by Europe’s leading powers.”

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“George Weigel is the most interesting and authoritative American scholar and analyst of the Roman Catholic Church.”

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“Bill Yenne’s new book MacArthur’s Air Force is the story of the remarkable achievements of the American air forces—the planes, the key officers, and most of all the courageous pil

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“The West needs to overcome its amnesia with respect to Maoism’s global ambitions. Lovell’s study of Maoism as a global history could not be more timely.”

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“[T]he best part of White’s book [is] the stories of writers such as Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, Sinyavsky, Havel, and others who courageously wrote and spoke the truth to power behind the iro

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“Pipes recounts the gradual process by which through the sheer force of his intellect, Richard Nixon became relevant again to the debates about America’s proper role in the world.”

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“Christian Keller has proven once again that we can still learn much from the history of the American Civil War.

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“George Marshall lived by a moral code and never strayed from it. That was the key to his greatness.”

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“[A]n exhaustive biography of the remarkable Habsburg ruler coupled with important insights into the birth of the modern state system of Europe . . .”

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“Nagorski provides a compelling narrative of the war’s major events, developments, and personalities in 1941.”

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The British Are Coming is history written in a grand style and manner. It leaves one anxiously awaiting the next two volumes.”

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“The story of Winston Churchill’s secretaries and literary assistants has been told before, but not in such a focused and complete manner as in Cita Stelzer’s book Working with Winston

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“This book will be a hard pill to swallow for many in the United States and the West. It raises uncomfortable moral dilemmas and exposes Western weaknesses. . . .”

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“The greatest virtue of this small book of reflections is to show that Henry Kissinger’s greatest legacies to his country are his patriotism, his conception of prudent but effective statecr

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“It has been 15 years since Ronald Reagan’s death and more than 30 years since he left the White House, yet most historians and biographers continue to misunderstand the man and the reasons

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“McCullough tells the story of these pioneer heroes in his characteristic narrative manner, which, as in his other books, combines eloquence, erudition, vividness, and remarkable insight.

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“This is very much a book about war from the perspective of the frontline combatant. It is a story of fear, uncertainty, courage, fortitude, comradeship, and heroism.

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On Faith is more than just a book about Justice Scalia’s faith and beliefs. It is a book not just for Catholics, Christians, and believers.

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“In this book, the personal overwhelms the political.

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“Jenkins’ history is traditional in the best sense of that word.

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“One comes away from Dilip Hiro’s new book Cold War in the Islamic World with a heightened appreciation for the complexities of politics in the Islamic world.

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“Thompson shows that throughout his presidency, Roosevelt worked assiduously to overcome the restraints of domestic politics on his foreign policies by using his ‘bully pulpit’ and cultivat

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“Parag Khanna is right that the world is becoming more multipolar. China’s challenge to the Western world order is real. How the U.S.

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“[T]he obsession with Ypres by the warring states, especially the British, increased because so much blood was spilled there.

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“Every Krauthammer column is a joy to read—whether you agree or disagree with his particular position on a specific political issue or personality—because he combined graceful writing, comp

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“Winston Groom’s The Allies: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, and the Unlikely Alliance That Won World War II will hopefully help a new generation le

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“The book is not a complete history of U.S.-British relations, but instead a narrower and more focused look at how as empires Britain and America struggled for power and influence.

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National Review Senior Editor Richard Brookhiser has perfected the art of brief, concise, and reflective biographies of America’s founding generation.

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“Andrew Roberts has written the best single-volume biography of Winston Churchill to date.”

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“Rampage reminds us once again that man’s inhumanity to man belies the notion of human progress.

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The publication in the West of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s Gulag Archipelago and his subsequent exile from the Soviet Union occurred during the flowering of détente and America’s abandonment

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The popular British historian John Julius Norwich’s last book (he died at age 88 on June 1, 2018), A History of France, is a treasure of historical narrative, witty observations, and trenc

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In the 21st century, Americans take for granted that U.S. presidents exercise broad war-making powers. U.S.

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“My aim in this book,” writes Polish historian Adam Zamoyski in his captivating new biography of Napoleon Bonaparte, “is not to justify or condemn, but to piece together his life . . .

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If there are any remaining doubts about the central role played by Ronald Reagan in the unraveling of the Soviet empire, Seth Jones’ riveting new book A Covert Action should dispel them.

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“Wars are not won by evacuations,” remarked Winston Churchill after 338,226 British and French soldiers were safely transferred from the beaches at Dunkirk to England in late May-early June 1940.

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The “liberal world order” created by the United States after the Second World War is an historical anomaly that may be coming to an end, according to the Brookings Institution’s Robert Kagan in his

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“a crisply written, compelling narrative that highlights the roles of key U.S. policymakers such as Dean Acheson, George Marshall, Louis Johnson, and George Kennan.”

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Revolution and terror usually go hand in hand. Revolutionists seek to make a new world and frequently resort to terror and murder to eradicate the remnants of the old world.

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J. D. Dickey’s new book Rising in Flames could be subtitled A Politically Correct Guide to Sherman’s March. It is equal parts social history and military history.

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Statesmen . . . should be judged not by the purity of their ideals and intentions, but by the consequences of their actions and policies.”

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“reaffirms the reality of international politics that no resolution is ever permanent; no victory is ever final.”

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In 1947 in the journal Foreign Affairs, George F.

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The Allied landings on the Normandy beaches in France on June 6, 1944, and the immediate struggle beyond the Normandy beachhead during World War II hold a special place in American history.

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Although Jonah Goldberg’s Suicide of the West borrows its title from James Burnham’s 1964 classic, it has more in common with Burnham’s The Managerial Revolution (1941), The M

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A few years after Al Qaeda’s September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States, Norman Podhoretz wrote a book entitled World War IV in which he traced the origins of the West’s conflict wit

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“The Kremlinologist is part biography, part Cold War history, and a fitting tribute by his daughters to a consequential American diplomat.”

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“Discrimination and Disparities demonstrates once again that Sowell is one of America’s and the world’s great public intellectuals.”

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Early in his new book about the late Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, University of California law and politics professor Richard L.

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The German political geographer Friedrich Ratzel held that “great statesmen have never lacked a feeling for geography.” “When one speaks of a healthy political instinct,” he wrote, “one usually mea

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In late August 1949, the Soviet Union detonated an atomic bomb in northeast Kazakhstan. In an instant, America’s nuclear monopoly was gone and a new element was added to the Cold War.

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Historians and academics always face the challenge of balancing biography with what T. S. Eliot called “those vast impersonal forces” that hold us in their grip and shape history.

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October–November 2017 marks the 100th anniversary of the Bolshevik coup d’etat that brought communism to power in Russia.

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“Merry’s book is a needed corrective to the underestimation of McKinley by professional historians.”

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“Kotkin’s exhaustive research, careful historical judgments, shrewd insights, and splendid writing . . .”

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“fully justifie[s] the remark of General Alan Brooke that Britain should ‘thank God . . . that occasionally such supermen exist on this earth.’”

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Biographer James Thomas Flexner has called George Washington the “indispensable man” of the American Revolution.

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"John Harte, a former playwright and freelance writer . . . has written a very uneven book about Churchill and the First World War."

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". . . a fascinating examination of Buckley’s approach to practical politics . . ."

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Patrick J. Buchanan’s Nixon’s White House Wars is part memoir, part history, and part commentary on his years as a Nixon loyalist and aide in and out of the White House.

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In his 1943 classic, The Machiavellians, the political philosopher James Burnham praised Niccolo Machiavelli for writing truthfully and unsentimentally about the way political leaders gain

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The Italian political scientist Gaetano Mosca in The Ruling Class (1896) noted that political leaders in all countries propagate myths or “political formulas” that resonate with citizens a

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In his 1964 classic, Suicide of the West, James Burnham expressed the global geopolitical contraction of the West by showing the unmistakable trend of the Western powers’ loss of control o

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Brad Snyder’s new book The House of Truth is part intellectual history and part biography.

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John Avlon calls George Washington’s Farewell Address “the most famous American speech you’ve never read.” His new book, Washington’s Farewell, explores the history, intellectual formation

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William F. Buckley, Jr. led an extraordinary life.

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There has been a spate of books published during the last few years about the life and career of General Douglas MacArthur. The latest to appear, H. W. Brands’ The General vs.

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In 2012, the historian Andrew Preston in his Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith concluded that religion, especially Christianity, has played a central role in U.S.

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The major insight of this new and interesting military history of the American Civil War is the overriding importance of the Union’s ability to effectively project military power across continental

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There has been a revival of interest in the life and career of General Douglas MacArthur, perhaps because the United States has “pivoted” to the Asia-Pacific in its current foreign policy.

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Is there an Obama Doctrine—a grand strategy based on a coherent worldview that guides Obama’s foreign policy?

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Russia, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma. The key to understanding Russia, however, lies in her history.

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“well-organized, splendidly written, and compelling . . .”